Opinions on Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Assessments on Stereotypes Essay Webster’s Dictionary characterizes the word â€Å"stereotype† as a rearranged and normalized origination or picture of an individual, gathering, and so on , held in like manner by individuals from a gathering. (1265) Many individuals make generalizations of a whole gathering of individuals based off a solitary individual. There are a few unique generalizations that exist among society today in a wide range of structures. Most places of worship and strict partnered associations denounce homosexuality which makes less gays be open about their confidence. This brings upon the generalization that the gay network isn't strict in any way. This, be that as it may, has been refuted. As indicated by Dan Giloff’s article, â€Å"While 72 percent of straight American grown-ups depict their confidence as ‘very important’ in their lives, so do 60 percent of gays and lesbians. †(par. 3), the gay network has a lot of strict members now; The United Church of Christ presently appoints priests. Different strict gatherings are emulating their example, making moves to make their ways for the gay network. The individuals of the gay network are generalized vigorously in the public arena. Gay men are supposed to be fixated on design, have incredible style, have a caddy demeanor with exceptionally solid sentiments, an adoration for hounds and are bound to be beauticians, beauticians, Broadway artists, or style architects. Lesbians have bounty also, for example, they move quick seeing someone, dress masculine, work in a development field, wear wool, and abhor men. These are on the whole immense speculations. Albeit gay men and lesbians may fall under a portion of these classes, not all do. Individuals have an excessive number of elements that make up their personality, so it is out of line to set a specific rundown of qualities to them. One of the most widely recognized generalizations is sexual orientation generalizing, which can be restricting to people on the planet today. During the time there have been a lot of generalizations set on ladies. One being that the lady ought to consistently be in the house cooking, cleaning, and watching out for their mates without any objections. The way of life of today has developed a picture of ladies, saying that they are blunt and have solid feelings about anything, that they go through the entirety of your cash, that they are very requesting, and never really tattle and shop interminably. Ladies have progressed in the direction of breaking this generalization by standing firm over numerous decades and really making numerous advancements. In spite of the fact that that is a major generalization including ladies, there is research that shows ladies are â€Å"typically sorted in 3 essential bunches: customary (e. g. homemaker), nontraditional (e. g. profession lady) and hot. † (Psychology of ladies quarterly). In an article from Psychology of Women Quarterly, researchers researched demonstrating that vocation ladies held employments in higher status while the hotter ladies held more intrigue for the lower status, progressively ladylike occupations. A hotter dressed lady appeared to conjure contrary feeling while likewise making individuals think ineptitude was unavoidable. Where as a more vocation based lady demonstrated to be taken a gander at as even more a pioneer figure that was set up to put everything in order at any expense. While Women are generalized to be a homemaker or a lifelong lady, men also have sterotypes. Men have been generalized as being inept and sex-fixated individuals just stressed over the following sporting event; or weathly businesspeople who undermine their spouses continually with the nearest lady in his office. In spite of most women’s conviction, there are a lot of men who are persevering agents who have glad and adoring home lives. Men live over this generalization constantly. The blondie has different sides, the positive side where blondies are viewed as charming and alluring. At that point there is the negative side, where they are seen as not being excessively keen and don’t utilize their presence of mind to make sense of things; they preferably depend on their investigates their knowledge. The hair shading is regularly connected with â€Å"floosies†, â€Å"airheads†, or â€Å"ditzy† ladies. This is an expansive generalization on the grounds that there are many savvy and effective light ladies in the public eye among the administrations, educational systems, and numerous different spots. As indicated by Harriet Brown, â€Å"In milestone 2003 examination from the University of Pennsylvania, the greater part of the 620 essential consideration specialists studied described their fat patients as ‘awkward,’ ‘unattractive,’ ‘ugly,’ and ‘noncompliant‘ the last implying that they wouldnt follow suggestions. More than 33% of the doctors viewed hefty people as ‘weak willed,’ ‘sloppy,’ and ‘lazy. ’† (standard. 3). The generalizations put upon corpulent individuals typically falls under the words the specialists expressed in the examination from the article. The vast majority over look that it could be an ailment causing such weight gain in stout individuals. They see the weight and naturally accept that it was a decision dependent on apathy and absence of drive. Individuals don't look past what they see, which makes a lot of dishonest indictments. While there are numerous ways of life that are generalized, for example, individuals accept if your gay; you should have helps, if your agnostic; you should detest the world, on the off chance that you have no religion; you should not have any ethics, and so forth. One specifically is if you’re a biker you like to party hard, have tattoos and are a crook. In any case, as much as individuals who ride bikes love the smell of outside air and the open street, distinctive riding styles are related with various ways of life and are totally assorted Racial generalizations are in bounty in today’s world just as since the beginning. Most partner themselves with bigot musings. Asians must be brilliant, Arabs must be fear based oppressors, Irish must have drinking issues, Italians must be in the Mafia, Germans must be Nazi’s, African Americans must be in posses, whites must be geeks, and so forth. These generalizations can not be right and destructive by and large. One open occurrence from any individual of any race can make a generalization. Society places individuals they don’t think a lot about or they don’t comprehend into groupings, feeling that individuals who seem as though them will act the equivalent. Media assumes a job in making these generalizations in spite of the fact that individuals assume the greatest job in making them. It is human instinct to see the contrast among themselves as well as other people before the likenesses. Media is as yet considered answerable for a great deal of the creation in light of the fact that in addition to the fact that it uses photos of a summed up gathering to show how an individual may look, yet media likewise utilizes generalizations as comedic diversion on mainstream shows and motion pictures. The sentimental films of today ,just as previously, delineate vigorously the sexual orientation generalizations put upon people. They generally show the â€Å"knight in sparkling protection who spares the maiden in distress† story, the men continually adhering to their â€Å"typical† man generalization and the ladies consistently to theirs. Media impacts our perspectives and musings about individuals and energizes speculations about specific groupings of individuals. Individuals right up 'til the present time despite everything battle with being held under overwhelming generalizing. Society puts a gigantic measure of legitimacy on these free speculations. This unfortunately makes it hard for a great deal of the individuals who don't fall under them and do break liberated from these generalizations. While there is some reality to a great deal of generalizations, individuals need to comprehend one individual can't characterize a whole gathering of individuals. Regardless of whether a generalization is negative or positive, the two of them exist and are restricting and rule out uniqueness. Works Cited Brown, Harriet. Does Your Doctor Make You Feel FAT? Avoidance 63. 7 (2011): 26-33. Scholarly Search Premier. Web. 11 Nov. 2011. Gilgoff, Dan. Battling the Gay-As-Godless Stereotype. U. S. News Digital Weekly 1. 23 (2009): 12. Scholarly Search Premier. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. Heather Branstiter, et al. Assessments of Sexy Women in Low-And High-Status Jobs. Brain science of Women Quarterly 29. 4 (2005): 389-395. Scholastic Search Premier. Web. 11 Nov. 2011.

Grapes of wrath 2 Essay Example For Students

Grapes of rage 2 Essay The individuals and the Depression In the book The grapes of Wrath, the Joads experience the hit of the downturn, they need to leave their ranch. They go to California for occupations, yet secure there are not many positions, and it Pays pretty much nothing, or if nothing else less then what they were told. The administration attempted to begin projects to house and utilize individuals like the Joads. Since the individuals who previously lived in the urban communities where these improvements were put didnt need them there at any rate, they attempted to begin a mob and have the police Arrest them. In spite of the fact that in the film the arrangement was thwarted, it could have worked in numerous different spots, or the towns society could have recently made a lynch crowd, and in the long run the individuals living in the improvement would leave. I accept that the financial circumstance of the nation greatly affects the fall, or progression of individuals like the Joads, yet I dont a ccept government projects will impact them by any means. For instance, the incredible despondency was a significant practical occasion, and it enormously affected all the more then simply individuals like the Joads, however programs like the open works organization, which utilized individuals for government development ventures. Another program, the Works Progress Administration, later called the Works Projects Administration was made to create alleviation programs, and to keep a people abilities. From 1935-1943, it utilized 8 million individuals, and burned through 11 billion dollars. In any case, in 1939, there were as yet 9.5 million still jobless. Another program was the Civilian Conservation Corps. Jobless, unmarried youngsters were enrolled to chip away at preservation and asset advancement activities, for example, soil preservation, flood control, and assurance of timberlands and natural life. These men we! Furnished with food, dwelling, and different necessities, and were gi ven a little month to month pay. Another program was the CWA, the common works organization. It utilized all the more then 4 million laborers to construct and fix streets, and Teach in schools, were only several the employments. A portion of these projects would work incidentally, yet in the long run there would be no more work to do, or the legislature would come up short on reserves. Every one of these projects were abhorred by a few, and cherished by others, and some fair didnt care. The representatives that were fortunate enough not to lose everything and different representatives working in the urban communities who despite everything had employments during the downturn didnt like these new projects. In the film, The Grapes of Wrath, The town’s individuals didnt like the administration financed form of a Hooverville. The townspeople, alongside the police tired to stir something up during a move, so the police could come in, capture a portion of the individuals living the re, and state this new improvement wasnt alright for the town, and it would need to be freed of. Luckily for them they had the option to find their little arrangement, and ruined the arrangement. Be that as it may, this indicated how much the individuals in the towns despised these new advancements like the Hoovervilles. Likewise, I cannot remember what town! It was in, yet when the Joad’s moved toward one town outskirt, the men there said there was no work, and that they would need to pivot, I accept they even had the police there. This demonstrated how much the individuals previously living in these towns and urban communities dread the coming ranchers and others that had lost their positions, for the townspeople needed to keep their occupations. I figure it would have been more intelligent for the legislature to purchase the ranches that individuals like the Joads were being commenced, that way they could in any case work there, and on the grounds that they just got paid i n food and sanctuary, the additional food that they made that used to go to their boss would go to the administration which could either be sold for less, or given out in apportions to poor people, and destitute. I accept that Roosevelt had an excessive amount of intensity, he was making such a large number of projects that didnt work. He was tossing cash here, and cash there to programs intended to utilize individuals, yet there were as yet a great many individuals despite everything utilized. I accept on the off chance that he had less force, his arrangements would have been investigated all the more cautiously, and the projects could have been significantly better. .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8 , .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8 .postImageUrl , .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8 , .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8:hover , .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8:visited , .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8:active { border:0!important; } .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8:active , .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: re lative; } .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uc8 1724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uc81724a4d1252eb23af984c13df719c8:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: John Steinbeck: Experiencing the Dust Bowl Essay I accept that the projects made by the legislature had little effect, and that the cash could have been spent all the more astutely, and better projects could have been made, yet I do feel that the economy majorly affects the fall, or endurance of a family, similar to the Joads. This shows socialism was at that point occurring in the United States of America despite the fact that they attempted to boycott this book.

Improving Communications by Building Community At Microsoft †Communications Essay

Improving Communications by Building Community At Microsoft †Communications Essay Free Online Research Papers Improving Communications by Building Community At Microsoft Communications Essay In the early years, microsoft.com was only one of numerous PCs tucked under a table toward the finish of a long passage. It was intended to test Microsofts initial 32-piece Windows usage of TCP/IP, the product plumbing in Windows that empowers Internet interchanges. Today, microsoft.com is the fourth-biggest site, fueled by inside and outer servers everywhere throughout the world and visited by a great many clients day by day. How the site got where it is presently is an account of keen administration choices, particularly in the zone of correspondences. Microsoft searched out to manufacture a solid hierarchical correspondences model to fill in as the interchanges controlling power for all degrees of Microsoft representatives and clients. A portion of the conspicuous inquiries to be tended to were: 1. Is the interchanges model right now being used sufficient? 2. Do investors have any worries about its specialized strategies? 3. How do representatives impart in the work environment? 4. Are representatives permitted to impart unreservedly? 5. How does the open feel about speaking with Microsoft through its web-based interface? Is it easy to use? This paper is an audit of what the organization executed to progress administrative correspondences. Circumstance In 2006, Microsoft started Road to Excellence, the companys system was to essentially acquire World Wide Web piece of the overall industry, however there was an issue. The organization had become its very own casualty fast development, principally in its product division. A difference in correspondences had emerged between key chiefs over the association because of a straightforward absence of labor. A methodology should have been concocted to address approaching mayhem. The technique incorporated a few activities and objectives across divisions that concentrated on improving inward and outside correspondences to support generally speaking execution and convey sound development. Microsoft Development and microsoft.com expected to adjust different degrees of authority and eventually all representatives with interchanges activities that could be really estimated, assessed and improved. Procedure Implementation Perceiving the worth and intensity of key change and correspondences to adjust representatives to new objectives, Microsoft asked CAB and Associates, an advertising specialist gathering, to direct a review of the estimation of its whole interchanges work. Taxi was additionally approached to make suggestions for the dispatch of the review just as proposals for supported interchanges outreach. In working with the CAB group, the initial move toward adjusting representatives to execution objectives was to direct an evaluation of workers current discernments. To decide the level of representative comprehension of the associations vision and development activities just as the viability of existing inside correspondences, CAB led subjective research and quantitative overviews of workers recognitions and inclinations (Corder, 2006, p. 21). To do so CAB made three groups to completely assess and score Microsoft’s current correspondence forms, give input, and recommend answers for discoveries. Group I â€Å"Community Central† This group had the obligation of â€Å"building community† inside Microsoft by utilizing all techniques, inside its range. Principal to this whole program was to manufacture trust, which was fundamental so as to boost unprejudiced outcomes. It was their obligation to accurately decipher, and share the mission, vision, and estimations of Microsoft’s interchanges objectives. Group I started the procedure by building cooperative groups, utilizing aggregate request that were results, not expectations situated, and that advanced nonstop improvement (DuFour, 1998, p.25). Different duties included assessing the exhibition and discoveries of all sub interchanges evaluation, and preparing correspondence preparing groups. Despite the fact that it was the war room for this correspondences improvement program, it was elevated to be viewed as an emotionally supportive network accessible to all groups and members, accordingly further fortifying the â€Å"community† idea. Group II, Internal Communications â€Å"The Organization† The pioneers of Microsoft realized they expected to change the manner by which workers considered, estimated, and oversaw interchanges inside the business. After impressive research, they concluded that utilizing a modernized study scorecard approach was the most ideal approach to adjust the association to the companys correspondences objectives. A group was intended to concentrate every single inward correspondence of Microsoft. For this assessment, CABs inward correspondence office was especially inspired by inferring data in the territories of key message maintenance, impression of senior administration, the companys vision and objectives, right correspondence channel choice, and assessment of vehicle viability and inclinations (Munter, 2006, p.23). Moreover, they needed to decide how representatives were as of now getting and utilizing data about Microsoft when all is said in done, and all in all and the outside commercial center. The Organizational Challenges Contained individuals from key territories of the business, Team II worked with CAB to build up a modified review and scorecard for the organization. In what manner should the organization dispatch their overviews and have representatives see how to change their psychological model of the business, given the entirety of the other operational activities that were in progress? An Integrated Solution A Survey Scorecard Knowledge Map (SSKM) was created utilizing numerous restrictive programming bundles that were conveyed indiscriminately destinations through one hour working meetings at different working hours and conditions (office, appropriation, deals, and so forth.). The guide was utilized to dispatch the scorecard idea, raise the members mindfulness level and have every individual basically consider their job in the business without stressing over employment obligations or interruptions. The evaluation found that while workers had positive impression of the companys bearing and vital activities, they were not holding key messages around the new methodology. They likewise felt deluged with email interchanges, enjoyed Taxis print production yet felt it to be less compelling as far as passing on data, and usually liked, rather, progressively close to home interchanges from senior initiative. Group III, External Communications â€Å"The Marketplace† Another driving programming maker and wholesaler confronted remarkable change. Clients were cutting inner activities that werent seen as center. Clients anticipated that the steel merchants should offer these tasks as worth included administrations at an insignificant cost. What's more, the measure of business that was auctions off of rundown cost had tumbled from 70% to 30% in three years and the descending weight on evaluating was expanding significantly. This group had the benefit of assessing Microsoft’s outer interchanges. The group structured and executed email and print evaluations, led phone interviews, caught an agent test of client contribution from a base that included members at all levels, geologies and long stretches of understanding. Altogether, roughly 4,520 people were overviewed. Results The CAB inward correspondences group had rebuilt all representative interchanges to all the more likely spotlight on organization execution and progress-following. Microsoft was presently in a more grounded position to help senior administration with reasonable exhortation on actualizing quarterly, fell representative correspondences gatherings, and have updated print and electronic productions to reflect development activities and objectives. Moreover, the interchanges crusade, conveyed through a PC conveyed scorecard had empowered workers to all the more likely foresee the degree of execution required inside the setting of their relegated obligations. Improved interchanges were demonstrated to be at the core of conveying results and winning help from each zone of Microsoft that in the long run improved the companys gainfulness, development and piece of the overall industry. Truth be told, correspondences were seen as so significant that they should be deliberately overseen similarly that tasks, fund, organization, innovation, HR and different aspects of the business were overseen. There had never been when powerful correspondences had been increasingly significant. Microsoft had entered a business time that had been changed by consistent change and progress, initiative difficulties, developing advancements, and worldwide markets that were best portrayed as unusual, quick paced and unforgiving. Taxi gave vital insight, master direction and usage support on every single basic correspondence issues. CAB’s worldwide group of correspondence and business experts helped Microsoft get, improve, and deal with the view of their organization according to their basic crowds: Investors and the venture network The companys senior supervisory group and Board of Directors The companys workers, at each level The media and, by expansion, general society Assessment pioneers who affected corporate notorieties Taxi stepped up and upgrade investor esteem by cultivating more clear two-path interchanges with the speculation network, and adjusting representatives at all levels to guarantee responsibility to the Microsoft’s vision, qualities and correspondences working Interchanges Strategy 8 procedure. CAB’s mix of expert aptitude, geographic reach, broadness of administrations, and profundity of assets was demonstrated to be really one of a kind in the corporate interchanges counseling industry. End In light of the aftereffects of these appraisals, M

Sexual Harassment And Bullying At The Workplace - 825 Words

Sexual Harassment And Bullying At The Workplace (Essay Sample) Content: SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND BULLYING AT THE WORKPLACEStudent NameInstitutionSubjectDate of SubmissionCase Study AssignmentQuestion 1Fully define the terms Sexual Harassment and Bullying and discuss how they relate to power.According to the definition set out in the Sexual Discrimination Act 1984, Sexual harassment is considered to be an unsolicited sexual behavior that leads a person to feeling offended, humiliated or intimidated (Bowling Behr, 2006). It does not entail any engagement which is manifested out of mutual consent. The law regards sexual harassment as one of the forms of sexual discrimination. Research indicates that in Australia, the number of women who experience sexual harassment is five times higher than that of men.On the other hand, bullying can be described as the psychological, physical, social or verbal abuse by either an employer or other persons at work (Australia Amanda 2012). If bullying turns violent to include assault and stalking, it can be cha racterized as a criminal offence. Bullying, however, does not constitute acts which objectively are unfair but they form part of the core practices in the organization. If this practice is perpetuated on the grounds of sex, race, age or any other classified category, then it merits to be regarded as discrimination at the place of work.Sexual harassment and bullying have a direct nexus with power. Justice Mathews observed in the case of OCallaghan v Loder [1984] EOC 92022, 92023, 92024, that sexual harassment occurs if a person is subjected to unwelcome and unsolicited sexual conduct by another party which is in a position of power. In a majority of cases, persons who perpetuate sexual harassment and bullying are often in powerful positions because then the victim is intimidated and fearful of the impending consequences in case they raise an alarm.Question 2Research and explain the consequences of sexual harassment and bullying in the workplace.Sexual harassment and bullying at the workplace present overarching consequences not only to the victim employee but also to the institution where they work and the society as a whole. The first outstanding effect of these vices is that the business incurs unnecessary human costs. Persons who are subjected to sexual harassment and bullying generally have a compromised health especially under the psychological part. Conditions such as anxiety, overt anger, depression and being emotionally distressed are often exhibited. As a matter of fact, recent research indicates that victims of bullying and sexual harassment show signs of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Mikkelsen Einarsen, 2002). The effects of these two transgressions are not only confined to the victims. Employees who witness incidents of bullying and sexual harassment are also subjected to mental agony and they often tend to be angered by the many things in the organization. With all these effects to employees in mind, the best returns on human capital cann ot be realized.With respect to the organization, workers who are victims of sexual harassment and bullying are often absent due to sickness. In addition to this, even if they come to work, their performance levels are very low. This is majorly because their creativity is very low; loyalty to the organization is compromised and in most cases they engage in counterproductive behavior. They are always not satisfied and contemplate quitting at all times. These negative attitudes greatly hamper optimal performance of a given organization. Finally, these abusive practices once exhibited by a single member of the organization; have the propensity of being adopted by other persons within the institution. For instance, if the victim of sexual harassment or bullying is an employee; they may carry over this abuse to their own employees who subsequently end up abusing their own family members. Therefore, the whole society may end up feeling the pinch of these vices which are started in the orga nization.Question 3Research and discuss an example of what organizations are doing to deal with power abuse. What are they doing to prevent and deal with sexual harassment and bullying in the workplace?A model of how the issue of power abuse within an organization can be found in the procedures of Australian Red Cross. The organizations Equal Opportunity policy establishes independent offices which are meant to tackle various grievances from all employees. There is established the position of the complaints officer who is tasked with handling all complaints by the employees. There is also a contact person at every station who is responsible for resolving any small disputes arising at the workplace while they are still at the rudimentary level. These two positions are bound by a requirement of utmost confidentiality with respect to all cases reported. Therefore, a complainant is free to make allegations about any person, however powerful without fear of being reprimanded or that the information could be divulged prematurely. With these mechanisms in place, very powerful persons in the organization are cautious not to engage in unbecoming conduct because they know that investigations can be discreetly ...

Building A Place For Meditation Essay - 1393 Words

ABSTRACT : Architecture has deep relationship with meditation .we meditate to achieve peace and the place where we meditate should be silent, calm, open, peacefull place that is the nature. meditation has something to do with the nature .nature consists of openspaces ,water, sunlight ,etc. and all of these plays an important role in mans life.so all these aspects are necessary to consider while designing a place for meditation . The role that natural lighting plays in buildings cannot be underestimated. natural light is integrated into buildings of its potiential economic benefit and the effect on the occupants psychological and physiological well being and also natural light is a major element of contemporary architecture,by its influence.both interms of construction or aesthetic. this paper will comprise the importance of natural lighting in a building and how it can be used in different ways. providing maximum openings in the buildings will allow enough day light to enter into the interior spaces. This will help to improve the well being of building occupants and increase the performance of activity of the interior space. 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After explaining the concept I give a brief evaluation of his success in introducing and using this cogito as a foundation. Finally, I provide reasons why I think Descartes succeeded in his epistemology. The First Meditation began with Descartes deciding to employ radical scepticism in his quest of acquiringRead MoreStrategic Review : New Zealand Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagesthere are 676 rest homes are present all over New Zealand. (Ministry of Health, 2015). Our rest home offers quality aged care to our clients. It has two building facing each other and has vast space in between. All our rooms are fully furnished to provide a cozy ambiance to our clients. For the security, we have CCTV cameras all over the building to monitor and capture all the activities that happening in the area clear. With this feature, all our residents can have peace of mind while staying in

Stalin s Account Of A Tyrant - 1675 Words

Plato’s account of a tyrant is close to that of the â€Å"great† Soviet Leader, Joseph Stalin. In Book IX of the Republic, Glaucon notes that under a tyrannic rule, a city or state will be tragic and depressing; additionally, it is also stated that city will always experience more freedom and content under a king. (Bloom, 257). This account is a key factor in comparing Stalin with the Republic, as Stalin’s ambitions were similar with Plato’s descriptions. Using other descriptions from Plato’s Republic, it clear that Joseph Stalin fits Plato’s account of a tyrant. The Soviet regime under Joseph Stalin suffered greatly and the tyrant rule of Stalin was oppressive, restrictive, and produced great amounts of casualties. We are comparing how Plato’s account for a tyrant is accurate of the results of Joseph Stalin; that a city will experience freedom with kingship, as well as darkness and scrutiny under a tyranny. The Republic goes into detail about tyranny stating how it originates, as well as sticks, at least temporarily. In a conversation between Socrates and Thrasymachus in Book I, an important description of tyranny appears. A brief comparison between tyranny and democracy is explained as follows: â€Å"a democracy sets down democratic laws; a tyranny, tyrannic laws; and the others do the same. And they declare that what they have set down-their own advantage- is just for the ruled, and the man who departs from it they punish as a breaker of the law and a doer of unjust deeds. This,Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s The Tragedy Of Macbeth1304 Words   |  6 Pages Becoming a Madman In The Tragedy of Macbeth, William Shakespeare obsesses over the ideal of a good man becoming an evil tyrant. The play of Macbeth is based on Macbeth a man who had everything including a wife, home, power, and friends. Until he heard a prophecy that would change his life forever and disrupt his sanity and virtue. Logically speaking you think, how could one man lose everything including himself from one prophecy? We have to remember that the author is none other than ShakespeareRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy Towards Belarus1688 Words   |  7 PagesRecommended U.S. foreign policy towards Belarus Date: October 12, 2014 Oppression in Belarus Breaking Free from Russia Belarus has the veil of a political stranglehold cast over it by the looming and neighboring Russia. Freedoms are non-existent, a tyrant maintains control over the country, and democracy is nowhere in sight. I have a few recommendations on how U.S. foreign policy towards Belarus can help fix many of these issues, and help direct the country towards Democracy. First, I will highlightRead MoreThe Policies of Lenin and Stalin Essay2283 Words   |  10 Pagesmany of Lenin’s theories and practices were continued under Stalin, many were in fact developed and extended to new levels, possibly reflecting different motives: what Pipes refers to as Stalin’s ‘personality of excesses’. Although for many years, numerous historians including both members of the Western school of thought (such as Pipes), along with the official Soviet historians of the time believed that Stalin was the natural heir of Lenin, opinions have changed with timeRead MoreGun Laws : Guns Have Been Around For Thousands Of Years1198 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing said, I do not think we need to put in more gun checks but focus on putting criminal activity, drug use, and the mentally ill in the system. Many believe guns are very unsafe with kids in a house, which can be true. Truthfully it is the owner s responsibility because guns should be kept in a place where children are unable to reach them, and the guns should have their safety on when not being used. The thing is most gun owners are responsible and do not make those mistakes. Even though gunsRead MoreEssay on Why Jospeh Stalin?2486 Words   |  10 Pagesworkers would eventually lead him to Joseph Stalin. Stalin was courageous, rambunctious, bold, fierce, and determined. Stalin knew that in order to secure his place within the Bolsheviks, and move up the ranks, he needed to prove himself worthy to their cause. Stalin used these traits and put them to work gaining Lenin’s admiration. What Stalin really excelled in was organization, something that the early Bolshevik party desperately needed. While Stalin may not have been the most intelligent orRead MoreFranklin D. 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The question: Does the Ends Justify the Means? is brought to discussion in the text by Riemer, Simon, Romance (2014) with regards to Niccolo Machiavelli s political strategy of the lion and the fox stating â€Å"Where the very safety of the country depends upon the resolution to be taken, no consideration of justice or injustice, humanity or cruelty, nor of glory or of shame should be allow to prevail† (p.Read MoreCriticism Of Macbeths Ambition1452 Words   |  6 PagesThe overarching ambition of Macbeth clouded his humanity and this is what led him to ordering the murder of Banquo and his son. Referring to Bert O States perspective on Macbeth’s ambition: â€Å"Macbeth s ambition could be said to transcend its earthly and social manifestations (wanting this traitor s head, wanting this throne) and becomes a wholesale reaction to the frame of things. In short, if you extend the principle of ambition far enough, into ultimate spheres, you arrive at total successRead Mo reThe Storu- Animal Farm2755 Words   |  11 PagesNapoleon and Snowball stand in replacement of Stalin and Trotsky, Boxer represents the common working class in the communist Soviet Union and the character of Old Major is the depiction of Marx. All these allegorical descriptions are being analyzed in the paper. The story in a disguise reveals the international relations and world politics at the time of communism. The paper aims to analyze the novel from the political perspective while taking into account the prospective of Boxer, overview of the entireRead MoreAge of Enlightenment and Century5169 Words   |  21 Pagespoint in the Western intellectual and cultural tradition? 2. 81: Compare the ways in which two works of art reproduced below express the artistic, philosophical and cultural values of their times. (Pictures of Michelangelo s David and Giacometti s Man Pointing 1947). 3. 82: Compare and contrast the cultural values of the Enlightenment with those of the sixteenth century Northern Renaissance. 4. 84: Compare and contrast the views of Machiavelli and

The Thought and Writings of Theodore J. Lowi free essay sample

This paper discusses the work of Theodore J. Lowi as related to the Republican Party coalition of 1994. This paper first defines and analyzes the Republican Party coalition of 1994 and then moves to the thought and writings of Theodore J. Lowi. The author states that Lowis school of thought has promoted disunity among the democratic masses of the United States because Lowi forgot the diverse segments within the politics of the United States. Table of Content Background About Theodore J. Lowi Summary of Lowis Reasoning and Argument and the Negative Affects Theodore J. Lowis Overview on Liberalism Lowis Definition of Liberalism A Wider Meaning The New Liberalism and its Outcome The Emergence of Conservatism from Liberalism How Liberalism Nationalized Conservatism The Flawed Coalition Conclusion Flaws in Lowis Views and its Negative Effects on Democracy Theodore J. Lowi, the John L. Senior Professor of American Institutions at Cornell University, is a highly acclaimed political scientist and an expert on the American presidency. We will write a custom essay sample on The Thought and Writings of Theodore J. Lowi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He was the former President of the American Political Science Association (1998). Lowis works are primarily ideological exegesis. He has written numerous books, including The End of Liberalism, Democrats Return to Power: Politics and Policy in the Clinton Era and The Pursuit of Justice, which was co-authored with Robert F. Kennedy.

Public Health P1. P2 Essay Example

Public Health P1. P2 Paper Public health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals (1920, C. E. A. Winslow). This therefore infers public health is the preventing and controlling of disease within communities, to prolong life and promote health through organised society. The keys aspects of public health †¦ -Monitoring the overall health status of the population, this involves the recording of any changes of health in the population and alerting people to potential risks, for example the higher levels of smoking within a population. -Identifying the health needs within a population, which involves establishing patterns and trends of health problems within to identify implications service users may be at risk of, for example in relation to smoking, assessing the likely increase in need for cancer support services. -Developing programmes to reduce the risk and screening for diseases earlier on, which refers to the attempts of reducing the levels of illness, by introducing new programmes which inform people that they are at risk of certain conditions and aiding them into trying out new preventative programmes? For example if a doctor identifies someone at risk from cancer due to smoking, they may enrol them on a programme to help stop smoking, or even provide them with medication to stop them smoking. -Controlling of communicable disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Health P1. P2 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Public Health P1. P2 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Public Health P1. P2 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is the reduction of the impact of infectious disease, through immunisation and other control methods. For example, vaccinations against measles, mumps and rubella, it may also include food hygiene in restaurants and other food suppliers preventing food poisoning. Health promotion to the population. This can be done by events and activities which reduce health implications. For example, for people suffering with obesity, it may involve campaigns to encourage people to be more active and eat a better diet, like the 5 a day campaign. -Planning and evaluating the provision of health and social care, which involves assessing health services and whether or not they are having enough impact on the initial problem, for example in the case of obesity, it may involve the question of, can local services meet the demand of weight management advice, or are the services being successful in helping people to reduce their weight and endure that change. P2 Public health has grown and improved since its creation in the 19th century. It was created from the Poor Law system and the Victorian sanitary reform movement. The Poor Law was in place, to ensure people of the lower working class(poor people) were being housed properly, whether it were in workhouses or their own homes, it also ensured they were appropriately clothed and fed a sufficient amount of food. In a lot of workhouses, children were also schooled a little, and in return for this treatment, the working class would be obliged to work for several hours a day. During industrialisation and the fast growth in cities, standards began to fall, which led to many concerns involving poor housing, dirty water supplies and air pollution ‘bad air’ and the immense impacts this had on the health of the work population all together. Origins of the public health policy in the UK from the 19th Century to present day†¦ The nineteenth century;- The first national Public Health Act 1848 This was created and put into place, due to a man known as Edwin Chadwick. He was an active campaigner on many public health issues, such as the poor working/housing conditions and the sanitary reform. His report in 1842 included a massive amount of evidence supporting the link between environment, poverty and ill health. He recommended that each local authority required an expert medical and civil engineering advice, to administer all sanitary matters. It took six years until the Public Health act was passed and the first Board of health was established. John Snow and the Broad Street pump John Snow was a man whom believed that the water pollution was the main cause of ill health within the population of London in the 19th Century. He linked the common illness cholera to people whom drank from the wells. He observed those getting ill and which areas and pumps they drank from and recorded it on a map, he was then able to establish all those getting ill were in fact drinking from the same pump, and consequently in 1854 John Snow removed the handle of the Broad Street pump and ceased the epidemic of Cholera in Soho, London John Simon and the 1866 Sanitary Act John Simon was professionally a physician, but he became famous for him dramatic reforms of the public health system. He was the first medical officer in the UK’s central government, and he influenced public health by improving public vaccination systems. He also was the founder of the water supply cleaner and made sewers more effective. The twentieth century The Beveridge Report 1942 William Beveridge was a man whom was asked by government to write a report on the best and most effective ways to help those on low incomes. This was after the Second World War when people felt they needed rewarding, which the government responded to by promising to create a more equal society. In Beveridge’s report in December 1942, he proposed that all people of a working age should contribute, which would benefit people who were sick, unemployed, retired, or widowed. The National Health Service (NHS) The NHS was created on the back of the Beveridge report. This allowed free care to those who could not afford it. It provided hospital services, primary care (doctors- family clinics) and community services such as health visitors, midwives, ambulance services and many more. Acheson Report into inequalities in health 1998 He comprised a report that pointed out 39 recommendations and highlighted 3 crucial areas of which would need concentrating on, which are; 1) all policies that are likely to have impact on health should be evaluated in terms of their impact on health inequality. 2) Priority to the health of families with children. 3) Further steps should be taken to reduce the income inequalities and improve the standards of poor households. Our Healthier Nation 1999 This strategy was released by the labour government after their election in 1997, it has very clear links with the Acheson report and attempted to tackle the root causes of ill health such as pollution, unemployment, low wages, crime and poor housing. Choosing Health: Making Healthy Choices Easier 2004 This white paper acknowledged the changing nature in society, and an increased emphasis on health and well-being. The strategy had three key underpinning principles: informal choice, personalization and working together. Its main priorities were: to reduce the number of people who smoke, reduce obesity and improve diet and nutrition, increase exercise, encourage support of sensible drinking and the improvement of overall sexual health.

HOW TO ATTRACT GIRLS Essays - Education Reform, Home, Homework

HOW TO ATTRACT GIRLS Essays - Education Reform, Home, Homework HOW TO ATTRACT GIRLS Sometimes girls and boys seem to avoid the company of one another, but finally everyone find something common in each other and fall in love at least once. Actually You are just afraid of making serious relationship, because You do not know what the girl thinks and feels about you. In general the first time is always more complex. The men are so confused about what women think about them that it can create some obsessions. It can lower Your self-esteem. Do not let it happen! Despite of the difficulties it is exciting and anxious process. It will be hard to get someone's love. In return You will feel like a bird flying, everything will sing around and your heart will jump inside when You see that You have taken a liking to her. How do You see that!? She will smile, laugh after every your silly joke and hesitate to look into your eyes. If she will not, she is not fallen in love. Let's imagine the calling to someone for the first date. Probably you are nervous and afraid of her refusal. Who makes the first step have to be brave and known that everybody have to do it some day. You have to know the Estonian proverb, "The brave beginning is a half of victory". For Your better feeling You may invent some reason for calling. For example ask something about a homework, but do not seem to her as a foolish. First of all you have to insist in your mind that you are like every other boy. Everyone have something interesting and attractive which can put the girls to lose their heads. Perhaps You are funny speaker or good listener. In the last case You have to give many questions to get her meet with You. You have to realize your best sides of character and use them in calling. Do not be selfish, at least in the first time. Next, You have to be prepared to lose - do not except your failure and do not give up after it. People are learning from mistakes. Now let's go to call. Oh, Your voice and the style of communicating have to be something different from talking with friends! Do not use a foul language. First of all You have to be very polite in communicating with her parents in the case they take a phone. You could introduce yourself and ask for her with the official and calm voice, "Good afternoon, I am Bobby Dolt and I would like to speak with Ann Smith. Is she home at home now?". You have a time to relax and forget about all Your weaknesses. Now She probably comes. It will be better if You create the image of ladies' man and chatty boy and mix their a little bit sexual appetite. But do not overstrain with that stuff. Now she is saying, "Helllooo" and You will show the manliness and other skills You have learned. Your voice must be soft, easygoing, but dynamic. It means not boring. Hey, If You feel yourself in a right way forget about Your homework! Let Your inspiration to fly. Do not disturb her for a few hours. Be in short. You just have to invite her somewhere. Please do not make some terrible noises like in car crush or the water falling in bathroom. In the case You cannot exist without them You can sing like birds do. Do not say her such things like, "What the hell are You doing their? Or What a horrible voice You have by phone!". I remain You that You had a goal to create some friendship. Follow my advises and You can get Cindy Crawford to Your callers. If You are good reader and smart boy You have to go through it and You might see her next time in the theater, cinema or night club. You will be well done if during the next meeting she will be merry and kind with You. Your relationships depend mostly on Your communication in the first few weeks. It does not mean that later You can turn into a rude imp. Actually all people have to relate toward each other in a polite manner and do not hold anger in their hearts. Always take a stand to others like You want them to attitude toward You.

Cold war 1989-1991 under Bush's Administration Essay

Cold war 1989-1991 under Bush's Administration - Essay Example The barometer to consider whether or not to intervene was different in each case. The important characteristics of post-Cold War conflicts were that they did not relate to superpower completion. U.S. interests did not face severe threat, as it was in the Cold War calculus. The strife at far-off places was not of consequence to the national security of U.S. and the vital interests were more or less secure, with no compelling reasons to intervene. There was no confrontation with Soviet Union who was once the dangerous contender for U.S. interests. With the end of the Cold War, trouble fomented at various spots leading to a series of events of inter-state aggression. U.S. had no decisive platform to intervene, either political or legal. Its foreign policy was against, â€Å"interference in the internal affairs of others." U.S. could not pursue a policy of isolationist, it needed active political and economic support from governments and U.S. was averse to set forth precedents which affected their relations with other countries. Another important consideration was a bout adherence to international law governing interventions. Without the correct international legal rationale, any intervention would be termed as an act of self-seeking, with motivated desires and with hidden agenda. Decisions for intervention needed to be taken, explained and defended. The break-up of the Soviet Union was an important development, but no American interests were threatened. Besides, it was an ideological conflict and power-struggle between two factions, both owing allegiance to Communism. Intervention decisions have far-reaching economic implications, besides the need for solid domestic support. In the confusing world scenario, with many set of actions taking place simultaneously in different parts of the world, the decision-making process cannot be expected to be orderly and well-structured. That the issue

The Essential Characteristics of Loving Assignment

The Essential Characteristics of Loving - Assignment Example According to Freud, present society is on the third level of restriction of sexuality: it controls even those sexual activities that are intended for procreation only (â€Å"Civilized’ Sexual Morality and Modern Nervousness† 6). This is dangerous, because in this situation: (1) individual libidinal characteristics (that often differ from the societal demands) are ignored and (2) every man and woman is being torn apart by 2 contradictory yet inescapable desires. One of them is the need of appreciation from fellow human beings, which is impossible when the sexual behavior of an individual is considered inappropriate. Another one is an instinct that Freud associates with love. In â€Å"Civilized’ Sexual Morality and Modern Nervousness†, the founder of psychoanalysis describes sexual instinct as almost a living creature that is innate in every human. It is a subject to development, and the problems in the way of this development lead to different types of neur oses (in the article, Freud distinguishes between neurasthenia and psychoneurosis (4). This â€Å"animal inside us† is incomparably greedy and cruel: it is â€Å"probably more strongly developed in man than in most of the higher animals; it is certainly more constant, since it has almost entirely overcome the periodicity belonging to it in animals† (â€Å"Civilized’ Sexual Morality and Modern Nervousness† 5). Freud does not recommend tolerating abstinence, as it suppresses the dangerous sexual instinct. In such cases, the latter is either ‘sublimated’ or resulting in neuroses. However, marriage does not offer any attractive alternatives, as it limits the sexual satisfaction of the couple to the pre-conception intercourses (â€Å"Civilized’ Sexual Morality and Modern Nervousness† 8). Following this logic, marriage is a severe stress, especially for women, so that neurotic girls cannot make the good party (according to Freud) and are succumbed to the abstinence-related neuroses (â€Å"Civilized’ Sexual Morality and Modern Nervousness† 8). In the paper â€Å"On the Universal Tendency to Debasement in the Sphere of Love†, Freud develops this theory of sexual instinct. As a physician, he approaches love technically, mainly as a working instrument of the explanation of neuroses: â€Å"The highest phase of development of which object-libido is capable is seen in the state of being in love, when the subject seems to give up his own personality in favor of an object-cathexis† (Freud, â€Å"On Narcissism† 76). From this quotation, it follows that sexual instinct is always object-directed, and it finds its objects either in the people surrounding an individual or an individual him/herself.  

Counseling Children in a Community Setting Essay Example for Free

Counseling Children in a Community Setting Essay This article deals with the effects of loss on children of both a primary and secondary nature. Events such as the death of a parent or friend and the resulting consequences can be difficult for a child to deal with, depending on what stage they are at developmentally. Other losses such as personal possessions, those resulting from abuse or a sudden change in a childs life can also be difficult (Goldman, 2004). The author also discusses, according to Piagets developmental theory, how children deal with loss. Younger children can often have trouble understanding why a loved one died may connect an event to the death that is not even related. Older children are curious as to the events and reasons for the loss, tending to seek answers as to why the death occurred. It is recommended that when speaking to children about death, an age-appropriate explanation should be used. Children need to have information that clearly defines specific type of death that has occurred, such as a murderer or an accident (Goldman, 2004). To help children effectively cope with a sudden loss, Goldman proffers several options that can be productive. Having a team that focuses on supporting the child can be very beneficial to bereavement counseling. This team has members from: the family, school and includes the counselor. The team assesses exactly what losses have occurred to the child and what developmental stage the child is at. Based on this information, the team can set up a plan for supporting the child (2004). Other methods that can be used to help the child include helping the family communicate about the death, support groups, play therapy and focusing on early intervention. The author stresses the importance of having an all-around knowledge of the circumstances and that considering the consequences that the loss will have on a childs whole life experience (Goldman, 2004). References Goldman, Linda. (2004). Counseling with children within contemporary society. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, Volume 26, no. 2, 168-187.

Hunger Exam :: essays research papers

The Disturbing Elements of Knut Hamsen’s Hunger   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"One of the most disturbing novels in existence† writes Time Out magazine on the 1890 novel Hunger. This criticism seems extreme considering the nature of more modern texts; people now consume books full of gore and lewd sex. Despite this recent trend in fiction, Knut Hamsen’s Hunger continues to strike a cord with its readers. As Time Out’s quote suggests, this continuity is due to the book’s disturbing theme. Hunger disturbs the way people often assume a man would behave while in the depths of poverty’s grasp. The text disturbs the common concept that, if a man is desperate he will ignore his pride and decency for the opportunity to escape his situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The protagonist is himself achingly hungry when a man begs him to spare a bit of money to buy a meal. One would likely presume that the famished protagonist would consider his own breakfast before another’s. This however, is not the case. â€Å"‘I haven’t eaten a thing since yesterday in Drammen, â€Å" the man said. â€Å"‘ I don’t have an ore and I still can’t find work.’† (8). After a bit of trivial dialogue, the protagonist responds to the beggar’s statement, â€Å"‘Wait here a few minuets, and I’ll see if I can’t find something for you, a little something at least.’† He says. (9). The protagonist goes on to pawn his own waistcoat in order to appease his comrade’s hunger. While it is true that a portion of the money brought in by the waistcoat the protagonist used to purchase his own meager food, the fact remains that the majority of the coins were given away. If taken at face value, the exchange was a simple gesture of kindness but, if one were to dig deeper the contribution if found to have been made out of pride. The protagonist was proud that a man had perceived him as a person who had the means to donate a meal. F or the character to have admitted that he was just hungry himself would have effectively dashed the pride that he so savored. Pride that to the protagonist was worth the value of a hungry man’s meal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The narrator’s stubborn pride is highlighted shortly after the previous passage. As he wanders about the early morning streets his shabby blanket in tow, the man’s mind wanders. â€Å"What would people think of me? So I walked along trying to think of someplace where it would be safe until later. Hunger Exam :: essays research papers The Disturbing Elements of Knut Hamsen’s Hunger   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"One of the most disturbing novels in existence† writes Time Out magazine on the 1890 novel Hunger. This criticism seems extreme considering the nature of more modern texts; people now consume books full of gore and lewd sex. Despite this recent trend in fiction, Knut Hamsen’s Hunger continues to strike a cord with its readers. As Time Out’s quote suggests, this continuity is due to the book’s disturbing theme. Hunger disturbs the way people often assume a man would behave while in the depths of poverty’s grasp. The text disturbs the common concept that, if a man is desperate he will ignore his pride and decency for the opportunity to escape his situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The protagonist is himself achingly hungry when a man begs him to spare a bit of money to buy a meal. One would likely presume that the famished protagonist would consider his own breakfast before another’s. This however, is not the case. â€Å"‘I haven’t eaten a thing since yesterday in Drammen, â€Å" the man said. â€Å"‘ I don’t have an ore and I still can’t find work.’† (8). After a bit of trivial dialogue, the protagonist responds to the beggar’s statement, â€Å"‘Wait here a few minuets, and I’ll see if I can’t find something for you, a little something at least.’† He says. (9). The protagonist goes on to pawn his own waistcoat in order to appease his comrade’s hunger. While it is true that a portion of the money brought in by the waistcoat the protagonist used to purchase his own meager food, the fact remains that the majority of the coins were given away. If taken at face value, the exchange was a simple gesture of kindness but, if one were to dig deeper the contribution if found to have been made out of pride. The protagonist was proud that a man had perceived him as a person who had the means to donate a meal. F or the character to have admitted that he was just hungry himself would have effectively dashed the pride that he so savored. Pride that to the protagonist was worth the value of a hungry man’s meal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The narrator’s stubborn pride is highlighted shortly after the previous passage. As he wanders about the early morning streets his shabby blanket in tow, the man’s mind wanders. â€Å"What would people think of me? So I walked along trying to think of someplace where it would be safe until later.

Promotion Strategy – Software Industry – Webtel

`TABLE OF CONTENTS S. NO. TOPIC Pg No. 1. Executive Summary 5-6 2. Brief History and Introduction 7-11 Of the company 3. Plan of Research 12-36 4. Research Methodology 37-44 5. Data collection & Data 45-57 Analysis 6. Conclusion 58 7. Suggestions 59 8. Bibliography 60 9. Annexure 61-63 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The objective of the project was to find out the different sales promotional strategies in software industry. Software industry got the research carried out to find what the current trends are in the market and what the competitors’ playing. Also, market share of different player of the software industry was to be found and the recommendations to increase the market share for each individual player of software industry globally were to be given. The purpose of the study is to find out the market potential of different software player compared to other industry. Specifically, the research objectives are to: †¢ Gauge the consumer sentiment on the various sales promotional strategies provided by the various software industry players. †¢ Identify areas of improvement on the various services provided by the industry. Determine the type of promotional strategies needed by the consumers. †¢ Identify the important and attractive attributes in services to retain the existing consumers. †¢ Determine the type of selling parameters most popular with the consumer. †¢ Identify the important characteristics that make the software company attractive to buy their product. †¢ Gather and analyze the future asp irations of the customers with respect to the software. †¢ Rank and evaluate the relative importance the various players’ parameters associated with the software industry. For this purpose a primary research was conducted in the region of New Delhi and NCR regions. The target consumers were various educational institutes, CAs and accountants. The total field work was done for 15 days in which a total sample size of 100 consumers was covered. For the purpose of this research it was absolutely imperative for us to find out what the consumers want from their industry. It was also necessary to find out the consumer’s profile, i. e. his age, monthly income, occupation and sex. This required us to get a detailed questionnaire filled by the concerned person. All the analysis in the report is drawn out of these questionnaires. For carrying out the competitor analysis further help was taken from industry websites and journals. This research will provide software industry with information like the current market share of different players and also a detailed analysis of the services offered by other players and what are the most important criteria for selecting a particular software industry player. The software industry can also get data on prospective customers by designing its product offerings and marketing strategy in a way so as to attract more clients in the near future. BRIEF HISTORY& INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY WEBTEL ELECTROSOFT PVT. LTD is a company engaged in providing complete software and knowledge process outsourcing solutions and a host of other IT enabled services. Webtel Electrosoft Private Limited, a Company incorporated in the year 2000 is engaged in providing customized software solutions worldwide. In a short span of time, the company has been able to make a mark for itself by catering to the software needs of the professionals and corporates. The service edge of the Company lies in its accuracy, reliability, timeliness, confidentiality, cost effectiveness, continuity, and customer support and resource optimization. This has resulted in a satisfied customer base of over 15000 users for our software products. Our software packages have been widely appreciated and recommended by reputed Companies and CA firms. Mission and vision of the company is to achieve competitive advantage by rapidly delivering cost-effective, advanced, high-end technology enabled value-added business solutions and Dedicated towards Making IT a way of Life. Product of the company WEB-E-TDS – Complete TDS/TCS Management & E-Filing Software WEB-E-TAX – A Complete Software Solution for Preparation & Filing of ITR Forms 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 8 DIGITAL SIGNATURE CERTIFICATES – Licensed LRA of MTNL TRUSTLINE WEB-E-SECURE – A Complete Software Solution for Data Security and Auto Back Up. WEB-D-VAT – A Complete Software Solution for D-VAT Management and E-Filing E-TDS |DISTINCTIVE FEATURES | | | |Generation of e-TDS Quarterly Returns through User Friendly |Preparation of Form 24Q, 26Q, 27Q, 27EQ & 27A for paper filing or own | |Software. |use. | |Automatic Generation of TDS certificates in Form 16, 12BA, 16AA & |Easy to fill familiar data entry module which assists error free data | |16A. punching. | |No need to create masters for Employees and Parties every Quarter. |Import of Masters from other softwares (subject to certain conditions). | |Import of   data from text/ fvu file generated from any software. |Automatic calculation of   Income Tax, TDS etc. | |Auto fill facility for data entry of breakup of monthly salary. |Automatic bifurcation of entries for which TDS deposited in 2 or more | | |installments. | |Duplication of Non-Salary Payments for repetitive entries. Facility to go to Next/ Previous Record to check and correct entries. | |Error Search & Automatic Validation as per NSDL File Validation |Online Quarterly. Return / Challan status | |Utility. | | |Excellent reports like Party wise and Section wise Monthly TDS |Generation of OLTAS Challan No. 281 and its party wise break-up. | |report. | | |Report of Defaults in TDS Deposit & Issue of Certificates. Export of various Reports to Excel for analysis. | |Online e-payment facility |Facility of Backup & Restoration of data. | |Facility for Live Updates | | E-TAX It is MANDATORY for ALL Cos. and Firms with Tax Audit to file IT Returns electronically |SALIENT FEATURES | | |[pic] | |Generation of Form 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 8 in Manual & Electronic format. | | | |[pic] | |Paper Return of Income & FBT for all forms. | | |[pic] | |Computation of Income Tax. | | | |[pic] | |Computation of Quarter wise Fringe Benefit Tax (FBT). | | | |[pic] | |Calculation of Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT). | | |[pic] | |Calculation of Interest u/s 234A, 234B and 234C. | | | |[pic] | |Preparation of Schedule VI. Balance Sheet & Profit & Loss A/c. | | | |[pic] | |Printing of Challans for Income Tax & FBT. | | |[pic] | |One Time Creation of Masters. | | | |[pic] | |Reports of Returns Filed, Returns Pending, List of Assesses, Details of Assesses etc. | | |[pic] | |Facility to import Balance Sheet / Profit & Loss Account from Excel / Tally | | | | | | | |OPERATING UTILITIES | | | | |[pic] | |Upload Returns electronically as per prescribed format. | | | |[pic] | |Upload Single or Multiple returns. | | | |[pic] | |Backup & Restoration of Data. | | | |[pic] | |LIVE UPDATES. | | WEB-E-SECURE |SALIENT FEATURES | | | |[pic] | |Auto Backup of any file/folder/program in the same computer or on any other computer on LAN. | | | |[pic] | |Automatic Login to websites /E-Mail Accounts without the need to remember/enter user name/password. | | |[pic] | |Automatic backup of Excel, PowerPoint, PDF Files. | | | |[pic] | |Automatic Backup of data of different programs e. g. Web-e -TDS , Web-e-TAX, Tally & Busy etc. | | | |[pic] | |Facility to hide hard-disk drives for personal/confidential data. | | | |[pic] | |Secure login to avoid unauthorized access to computer. | | |[pic] | |Block particular Websites/Restrict Internet Access. | | | |[pic] | |Automatic logout after specified time to prevent misuse. | | | |[pic] | |Automatic Encryption of confidential/important files/folders to prevent misuse | | | WEB-D-VAT SALIENT FEATURES | | | |[pic] | |No need to go to Department’s website for Filling Return Online. | | | |[pic] | |Fill D VAT Return Offline. Submit Returns through Web-D-VAT Software. | | | |[pic] | |No need to enter Username and Password on Department’s website. | | |[pic] | |Facility to import data from Tally. | | | |[pic] | |Convenient, Fast and Timely Data entry for multiple clients in Web-D-VAT software | |even when internet or department website is not working. | | | |[pic] | |No need to create Client/Party M asters every time. | | |[pic] | |In-built checks to prevent data entry errors. | | | |[pic] | |Automatic generation of Monthly, Quarterly, Half-Yearly & Yearly returns, both electronic & manual. | | | |[pic] | |Automatic upload of VAT & Central Returns from software. | | | |[pic] | |Automatic generation of forms like DVAT-51, DVAT-55 etc. | | |[pic] | |Generation of Useful Reports like Received/ Pending C, D, E, F forms etc. | | | |[pic] | |Generation of Consolidated Sales & Tax Summary of various tax periods for comparison with accounts. | | | |[pic] | |Efficient and Effective Document Management System to replace manual records. | | |[pic] | |Facility for filing Revised Returns. | | | |[pic] | |Facility for TIN/Dealer Search. | | | |[pic] | |Facility of Backup/Restoration of Data. | | | |[pic] | |Facility of Live Updates. | | | FEW ESTEEMED CUSTOMERS OF THE COMPANY Dabur, Flex industries, Ernst and Young, CNBC-TV 18, Shehnaz, DMRC, Pawan Hans Helicopters, Amity International Business School, Tata Chemicals LTD, Nestle India Food Speciality, IFFCO Tokyo, MDLR Group, Koutons India, Liberty Shoes, Mothers Pride, HCL, Jagannath Institute of Management Sciences, FCI, Rich Look, Amtek Auto, IL&FS, Lumax Automotives LTD. PLAN OF THE RESEARCH INTRODUCTION Theoretical study is incomplete without the practical knowledge, now a day’s theory without practical is of no use. No doubt theory provides examines the elements of truth lying in the theory. To achieve this purpose, I have done a project on WEBTEL ELECTROSOFT PVT. LTD. DELHI During the project of 60 days, I have been trained to know how to find out 1. The changes in market. 2. Changes in customer’s behavior. 3. Changes in companies with change in customer’s behavior. Having Marketing specialization we have studied that marketing is the business function that identifies current unfulfilled needs and wants, design and measured their magnitude, determines which target markets, the organizations can best serve and decides on appropriate products, services and programmed to serve there markets. While going through this report, the reader can understand and estimate what and how much I have learned through my practical experience with WEBTEL ELECTROSOFT PVT. LTD. MARKETING RESEARCH Marketing research plays an important role in the process of marketing. Starting with market component of the total marketing talks. It helps the firm to acquire a better understanding of the consumers, the competition and the marketing environment. DEFINITION â€Å"Marketing research is a systematic gathering, recording and analysis marketing problem to facilitate decision making. Coundiff & Still. â€Å"Marketing research is a systematic problem analysis, model building and fact finding for the purpose of important decision making and control in the marketing of goods and services. Phillip Kotler. MAIN STEPS INVOLVED IN MARKETING RESEARCH Defining the Marketing Problem to be tackled and identifying the market research problem involved in the task. 1) Define the problem and its objectives. 2) Identify the problem. 3) Determine the information needed. 4) Determine the sources of information. 5) Decide research methods. 6) Tabulate, Analyze and interpret the data. 7) Prepare research report. 8) Follow-up the study. ) Define the problem and its objectives: – This includes an effective job in planning and designing a research project that will provide the needed information. It also includes the establishment of a general framework of major marketing elements such as the industry elements, competitive elements, marketing elements and company elements. 2) Identify the problem :- Identifying the problem involves getting acquainted with the company, its business, its products and market environment, advertising by means of library consultation and extensive interviewing of company’s officials 3) Determining the specific Information needed :- In general the producer, the manufacturer, the wholesaler and the retailer try to find out four things namely :- 1) What to sell 2) When to sell 3) Where to sell ) How to sell (4) Determine the sources of information :- a) Primary Data: – Primary dataset are those which are gathered specially for the project at hand, directly – e. g. through questionnaires & interviews. Primary data sources include company salesman, middleman, consumers, buyers, trade association’s executives & other businessman & even competitors. b) Secondary Data: – These are generally published sources, which have been collected originally for some other purpose. Source are internal company records, government publication, reports & publication, reports & journals, trade, professional and business associations publications & reports. 5) Decide Research methods for collecting data: – If it is found that the secondary data cannot be of much use, collection of primary data become necessary. Three widely used methods of gathering primary data are A) Survey B) Observation C) Experimentation A) Survey Method: – In this method, information gathered directly from individual respondents, either through personal interviews or through mail questionnaires or telephone interviews. B) Observation Method: – The research data are gathered through observing and recording their actions in a marketing situation. This technique is highly accurate. It is rather an expensive technique. C) Experimental Method: – This method involves carrying out a small scale trial solution to a problem, while at the same time, attempting to control all factors relevant to the problem. The main assumption here is that the test conditions are essentially the same as those that will be encountered later when conclusions derived from the experiment are applied to a broader marketing area. D) The Panel Research: – In this technique the same group of respondents is contacted for more than one occasion; and the information obtained to find out if there has been any in their taste demand or they want any special quality, color, size, packing in the product. ) Preparation of questionnaire b) Presetting of questionnaire c) Planning of the sample (6) Tabulate, Analysis and Interpret the Data:- The report must give/contain the following information:- a) The title of research b) The name of the organization for which it has been Conducted c) The objectives of research d) The metho dology used e) Organization and the planning of the report f) A table of contents along with charts and diagrams used in the reports g) The main report containing the findings h) Conclusion arrived at end recommendations suggested i) Appendices (containing questionnaire / forms used sample design, instructions. ) 7) Follow-up the study :- The researchers, in the last stage, should follow up this study to find if his recommendation are being implemented and if not, why RESEARCH DESIGN â€Å"Advertising is a paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services by an identified sponsor. † 1. RESEARCH PROBLEM †¢ Increase the awareness level of Webtel Complete Software package. †¢ Seek the general perception of consumer towards Webtel Complete Software package. †¢ To find the performance of Webtel Complete Software package vis-a-vis other Brands. †¢ To know the consumer psyche and their behaviour towards 2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES & Rela ted sub Objectives To know the relationship of sales with the advertisement. ? To know awareness of people towards Webtel Complete Software package ? To know in which segment chocolates are mostly like/preferred. ? To know which advertisement tool is mostly preferred by people. ? To know the preference of Webtel Complete Software package with comparison to other competitive brands. ? To know the factors which affects consumer’s buying behavior to purchase chocolates. 3. Information requirement †¢ First, I had to know about all the competitors present in the Complete Software package segment (Reputed and well established brands as well as Local brands). Before going for the survey I had to know the comparative packs and prices of all the competitors existing in the market. †¢ Since software is a product that attracts IT people and the other professionals hence I had to trace the market and segment it, which mainly deals with people of various professional groups. â⠂¬ ¢ As Complete Software package is different product, the main information needed is the various types of software available in the market, their serviceable value and various other facts. They can be termed as : †¢ As Webtel Complete Software package advertisements are mainly done through hoardings but on road show the advertisement is being telecasted timely and on the proper time or not. ABOUT THE PROJECT The project was titled research on WEBTEL which was taken as the universe and accountant offices of whole Delhi were taken as the sample for the project. Further project involved the collection of primary data by physically visiting the outlets and conducting a questionnaire based interview to collect primary data. Project involved the study of buying behavior of sample size our project requirements were:- Examine the Business Need or Opportunity:- Write a Clear Statement of Project Objectives:- Know the Difference between Wants and Needs:- Negotiate the Requirements Definition Interactively with the Customer:- Conduct a Thorough and Comprehensive Analysis:- Document the Results Unambiguously in Sufficient detail:- COMPETITION ANALYSIS OF WEBTEL Market situation NO CHOICE BUT TO E-COMPULSORY THE Finance Act, 2003 amended Section 206 of the Income-Tax Act, 1961 facilitating introduction of filing of tax deducted at source returns through the electronic media. This provision is effective June 1, 2003, and the details and modalities have been prescribed in `Electronic Filing of returns of Tax Deducted at Source Scheme, 2003†². As per the newly introduced scheme, corporates will have to mandatorily file TDS returns from financial year 2002-03 before March 31, 2004. There is no dispute that this bold step initiated by the Income-Tax Department has to be welcomed and corporates should fully co-operate in the successful implementation of this laudable initiative. TDS as a mechanism to collect taxes is here to stay and will play an extremely vital role in garnering direct tax collections on a regular basis. In the current situation, considerable time and paperwork is associated with TDS compliance which, by and large, is manual in nature and takes a heavy toll on both the assessee and the Department. It is in this context that these initiatives have to be understood. Forms, periodicity As per the I-T law, entities (both corporates and non-corporates — deductors) making payments (such as salary, interest, dividend, professional fees, brokerage, rent, and so on) to third parties (deductees) are required to deduct tax at source from these payments and deposit the same at any of the designated branches of authorised banks. To ensure proper checks and balances on these payments (TDS) and subsequent credit taken thereof by the deductees, the deductors are required to file TDS returns with the Department. TDS returns contain details such as name, Permanent Account Number (PAN) and address of deductees, date of payment, gross amount, amount of TDS, date of deposit of TDS amount in bank, name of bank branch where TDS amount deposited, and so on, in the data structure (file formats) prescribed by the Department. Salient features Collecting physical TDS returns, keeping proper checks and balances of TDS deducted and deposited by deductors and credit claimed thereof by deductees have always been matters of concern for the Department. Keeping in view the benefits that dematerialisation has brought to the capital market in the last few years, the Department is providing the facility for furnishing TDS returns in electronic form (e-TDS return). The Department has made it mandatory (w. e. f. June 1, 2003) for corporate deductors to furnish their e-TDS return. Non-corporate deductors can furnish their returns in physical form with their respective I-T offices. They can also furnish their e-TDS return through TIN facilitators (TIN-FCs) managed by the NSDL. Checklist After preparing the e-TDS return file, the tax deductor will check the following to ensure that the e-TDS return file is complete in all aspects and is ready for furnishing to TIN-FC: †¢ E-TDS return file is in conformity with the file format notified by the Department. Each e-TDS return file (Form 24, 26 or 27) is furnished in a separate CD/floppy along with duly filled and signed Form 27A in physical form. †¢ Separate Form 27A in physical form i s furnished for each e-TDS return. †¢ Form 27A is duly filled and signed by an authorised signatory. †¢ Striking and overwriting, if any, on Form 27A are ratified by the person who has signed Form 27A. †¢ E-TDS return file if compressed, is compressed using WinZip 8. 1 or ZipItFast 3. 0 compression utility only. †¢ New TAN quoted in e-TDS return file and mentioned on Form 27A is the same. Confirm new TAN by using search facility on the Department's Web site (www. incometaxindia. gov. in). Control totals, TAN and name mentioned in e-TDS return file match with those mentioned on Form 27A. †¢ In case of Form 24, copies of certificates of no deduction of TDS and deduction of TDS at concessional rate, received from deductees are attached. †¢ E-TDS return file has been successfully run through the Validation Software provided at the site www. incometaxindia. gov. in or http://tin. nsdl. com. The success of such initiative largely depends on wholehearted effor t on the part of the assessees to comply with the procedures. Admittedly, there will be initial teething problems which can be sorted out on a one-to-one basis or through seminars and interactive sessions with the officials of the Department. Once corporates ensure the success of such a scheme, it is only a matter of time that even non-corporates which have to necessarily computerize their operations for survival in business will also fall in line and furnish TDS returns in electronic form. Competitive advantage of WEBTEL WEBTEL occupies a market share of 50-60% which is the largest in Delhi and is expected to grow at 5% mainly from up gradation of softwares through new development. The market in Asia is going to grow by 3. 9%. To increase sales the firm should look at revolutionary ideas in marketing, sales, product development because the product a man buys shows his personality. Webtel is trying to increase global competitiveness through innovative products and speed-to-market. For this reason Webtel & Sharp are looking towards product planning, assessment of products for manufacturing E-TAX. A very different way for increasing market share can be like replacing 15% or 40% of its product range by a different product range of the same company. The main factors behind its success would be build retailer- Customer partnerships for long term value creation & accelerated production through cost reduction. This is possible through the joint venture in China or shifting base to Asia. Managers and employees should go through phases like on the job training, job rotation to explore competencies to understand which are the products to be changed & understand how to make more environment friendly products. Moreover employee safety advantages should also be created in the company. Moreover few joint ventures & alliances especially in case of E-TDS & E-TAX mainly by sourcing few components rom low cost production bases can definitely help in maximizing sales. Employee motivation and choosing likeminded employees for different localities is an added advantage. Understanding consumer ne eds and creating a long term relationship both with shareholders & customers is also a very big quality. These factors can help in Webtel become an employer of choice & a good corporate citizen. STRATEGY WEBTEL is working intensively to improve profitability. Competitive production, new products based on consumer insight, and a strong and global brand are components in a strategy which in coming years would generate profit margins on a level with the best in the industry. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT In 2006, products that had been launched during the two previous years accounted for more than 40 percent of WEBTEL sales. The increased investment in product development based on consumer insight is definitely generating effects. Consumer insight is the foundation of all product development at WEBTEL. Understanding the needs of consumers as well as how they think, feel and act when they use softwares enables development work to be more accurate. Even better products are developed, and sales rise for products that consumers are willing to pay a higher price for. Resources for product development are in turn increased, and a positive spiral is created. THOUGHTFUL DESIGN Consumer interest in design is increasing continuously, which also increases the importance of design as a competitive tool. More and more people are willing to pay for good design. The Group's investments in design, which is a part of the product-development process, help to strengthen the brand and contribute to greater demand as well as higher margin HIGH RATE OF INVESTMENT Since 2002, investments in product development have increased from approximately 1 percent of sales to 1. 8 percent in 2006. At the same time, development has become more efficient through global cooperation and coordination of launches between different product categories. Investment as a percentage of sales is expected to increase somewhat in coming years. The focus is on developing products in profitable segments and high-growth areas, simultaneously making launches more accurate. Webtel has only one promise and one language. Consumers must always recognize the values that Webtel stands for, irrespective of which product or service they buy. Webtel is a strong, global and leading brand for both consumers and professionals. For a consumer-goods company like Webtel, the brand is one of the most important assets. Since a customer does not buy software often, consumers have only limited knowledge of what the market has to offer since their last purchase. A strong brand with a leading position that stands for quality and innovative products is attractive to both consumers and retailers. The brand can justify a higher price and provide a stimulus for repeat buying, and also contribute to higher profitability and additional resources for investing in development of new products. It is therefore of great importance to maintain the Webtel brand as strong, global and in the lead. â€Å"THINKING OF YOU†- GLOBAL MESSAGE All Group market communication shall create a uniform image of Webtel, in every product category and in every geographical market. In 2006, the new global communication platform was launched – â€Å"Thinking of you†. It highlights Webtel strong focus on consumer insight for development of new products, and profiles Webtel as a â€Å"Thoughtful Design Innovator†. INVESTING IN THE BRAND Investments in market communications in 2006 amounted to 1. 5 percent of net sales. Over the next few years this figure will rise to more than 2 percent. Investment in the Webtel brand accounted for approximately 70 percent of resources for market communication process in 2006. Strong local brands are combined with the Webtel brand in order to reinforce the link to Webtel and make marketing more powerful. The share of Group products sold under the Webtel brand, inclusive of double-branded products, rose from 18 percent in 2000 to approximately 45 percent in 2006. COST In an industry featuring tough global competition, maintaining low cost levels and efficient production is a prerequisite for success. Webtel is achieving savings in production and purchasing, chiefly by moving production to low-cost countries and increasing purchasing there. This is part of a proactive program for creating long-term competitiveness. GROWTH Webtel will achieve profitable growth through competitive production, innovative product development and a strong global brand that is in the lead. The focus is on improving the product offering and identifying areas – product categories, regions and sales channels – that can drive growth. GROWTH IN PRODUCT All the new products that Webtel launches are created by the Group's process for development based on consumer insight. This increases the probability that the products will be successful. Identifying product areas with a potential for rapid growth is a continuous priority. The trend is being driven by new, innovative products with good design, practical functions and good environmental properties. GROWTH IN REGIONS The Group's strategy is aimed at profitable growth. As a leading player in the market, this means that Webtel has to follow market growth in developing countries and selectively expand operations in specific product categories. The Group has a strong presence in growth regions such as Mumbai, Kolkata and Solan (H. P) in terms of both production and the market. Demand for latest softwares is increasing strongly in developing countries. Local presence and the broad experience of growth markets that Webtel has acquired create opportunities for continued expansion. GROWTH IN THE SALES CHANNEL The share of E-TDS of Webtel dealers is growing rapidly in Delhi and Mumbai. A strong and stable brand together with new and innovative products will enable Webtel to increase sales through these specialists. Prior to a purchase, the Internet is often a consumer's first contact with softwares. Webtel has a strong position on the web, and substantial investments will be made to further increase it. GROWTH VIA ACQUISTION In addition to organic growth, Webtel has opportunities for growth through acquisitions. The top priority is given to technology, products and brands that can help the Group increase its market share in the premium segment. DISTRIBUTION STRAREGY Chain of intermediaries, each passing the product down the chain to the next organization, before it finally reaches the consumer or end-user. This process is known as the ‘distribution chain' or the ‘channel. ‘ Each of the elements in these chains will have their own specific needs, which the producer must take into account, along with those of the all-important end-user. Webtel has different strategies for distribution of their softwares. They are as follows-: †¢ Distributor, who sells to retailers †¢ Retailer ,who sells to end customers †¢ Advertisement typically used for consumption goods Driven by consumers, the push for lower prices has caused software manufacturers to drive out costs from all parts of their operations in order to remain competitive. As , Ravi Kapoor head of Delhi integration for software manufacturer Webtel (headquartered in New Delhi) puts it, â€Å"in regard to external consumer price developments, in recent years prices have been on the whole falling. The average price of an E-TDS and E-TAX on the whole is lower. † In fact, he says, prices were higher even 5 years ago. Such cost pressure has caused Webtel, like many or most other software manufacturers, to examine its cost structure and try to improve the efficiency of all links in the supply chain. Among purchasing and supply management initiatives implemented by Webtel are inventory-reduction efforts, supplier consolidation, and creation of a â€Å"pull† demand system initiated by consumers, logistics improvement, early supplier involvement and cross-functional training. Last year net sales for the Webtel Group reached over 5 , with white goods representing 80% of the total. The Group also owns Frigidaire Home Products in the States. Taking inventory out of the chain Close on the heels of a long series of acquisitions, Webtel recently emerged from a vigorous two-year restructuring program, consolidating its operations at all levels. In the company's year-end report, President and CEO Ravi Kapoor notes that â€Å"between 1997 and 1999 the number of Webtel software Products warehouses was reduced from 52 to 33, and inventories measured in days were cut by more than 20%. Manufacturing flexibility is at the center of the company's operational strategy with the emphasis pla ced on customization rather than standardization. Jayant explains that the just-in-time (JIT) philosophy the company employed on the supply side 10 years ago now is being shifted downstream to large retail customers. â€Å"We need to move our focal point for the JIT concept away from the assembly line toward the shop floor of the retailer,† says Jayant. â€Å"That is where the JIT philosophy needs to be applied in order to be competitive. We can no longer run our plants based on manufacturing efficiency and measure performance by the number of appliances per man hour. That will only lead to us producing finished product that eventually we will then have to push out to the market. Instead, we need to make sure that what we make in the plant is really what the customer wants, and at the time when he wants it. † A spokesperson at Webtel's purchasing organization, headed by Jayant Chauhan, puts it this way: â€Å"Why should it not be possible to have a direct link from when Mrs. Sunita wants to buy E-TAX software where the supplier supplies an E-TDS element? Make the demand a pull situation, where each time we have a demand from our customer, it creates a direct pull back to our supplier. † Pull system requires frequent planning This intense customer-driven focus is no small task with 22 manufacturing entities located throughout India and responsibility for managing a total of 15,000 customers. In order to help make the concept work, Webtel has begun a program to manage the inventories of the company's larger retail customers and has succeeded in bringing the â€Å"frozen† period in manufacturing-the amount of time around which schedules are built-down to less than one week. This requires daily planning. In fact, an even tighter planning schedule currently is being tested at one of the company's manufacturing facilities in southern Europe. As Arjun explains, â€Å"We are testing production planning where we do it more than once a day. We change the planning one, two, three, and sometimes we approach four times a day, informing our suppliers via the Net, for example. Obviously this requires a high degree of coordination with suppliers, and Arjun, who is responsible for an $8 billion purchasing spend, is taking the fat out of the system, and reducing the supply base by 15% each year during the consolidation process. Key to this reduction is a shift to module purchasin g. â€Å"We have an aggressive program to reduce the number of suppliers,† says Arjun, â€Å"because we are moving toward a global purchasing policy. But in this process we are moving from buying raw materials and components to buying more modules or systems. That also will help us to reduce the number of suppliers. † Supplier performance measurement Webtel has about 5,000 suppliers. Three hundred of these furnish systems or complete modules. Arjun maintains supplier accountability with a number of evaluative tools, including a supplier classification model. Classifications include â€Å"preferred,† â€Å"active,† â€Å"restricted,† â€Å"disqualified,† and â€Å"potential. † Preferred suppliers must meet rigorous quality criteria, provide appropriate cost targets, and be on the leading edge in technical innovation. Active suppliers meet at least the minimum requirements and are used if preferred suppliers are not available. Potential suppliers are identified and evaluated in terms of their ability to support future needs. To change a classification, a supplier must go through an approval process that is administered at various organizational levels. Supplier performance is measured with a supplier-profile tool that rates suppliers on a scale of one to nine according to a list of 12 categories, as well as commodity-specific criteria. The first two categories relate to quality, the third to capacity, and the fourth to delivery performance. These ratings generate a supplier profile, which is then mapped against a minimum-to-preferred supplier performance model. Logistics initiatives Delivery performance is measured through logistics management up and down the chain, and purchasing and logistics work hand in hand to manage inbound direct materials. Perun Sharma, general manager of Mumbai logistics, is coordinating an effort with Jayant to make transportation fees more transparent, instead of being buried in the price of goods. This allows logistics to â€Å"chase† a logistics contract, offering it to a supplier as a way to reduce transport costs. â€Å"Frankly speaking,† says Perun, â€Å"that is an area where some of our suppliers make a mistake, giving us transportation at too low a cost. The important thing is that we can help our suppliers improve their transport cost and performance. † Perun also has been involved in reducing costs on the retail end of logistics, and he envisions a time in the future when entirely dedicated trains-operating within an organized hub system-will deliver goods according to precise timetables. â€Å"Fuel is up almost to a dollar a liter in Mumbai,† She explains. â€Å"It's heavily taxed because of environmental concerns. Therefore we are constantly looking to other means of transportation, and the most viable is, or should be, train transport. It's more environmentally friendly since there is lower energy consumption and fewer emissions per ton of freightage. The absolute best speed is not the most important thing, but rather if we say we can deliver it in two days, then we should be able to do so. Otherwise, I don't think we can live up to the future demands of our customers when it comes to service level. â€Å"Front loading† supplier expertise Arjun goes on to stress the importance of including suppliers as early as possible in the planning stages-in next-generation planning and R&D, for example. Then we know what we have in the pipeline for the next, let's say, the next coming years. These are ways we front load our activities with our suppliers. This early involvement needs to occur even before product development. † And what about the risk of leaking information to competitors? â⠂¬Å"Certainly there is an element of risk,† Arjun notes. â€Å"But it's really a total commitment on both sides. In software development, for example, you have to select your suppliers extremely early. First of all, because maybe you don't have so many suppliers that can provide you with the right technology. And, secondly, the technologies are so sharp now, there has to be a lot of integration. Furthermore, if these suppliers should share some of this information with your competitors, this would endanger their business with you. And, suppliers also benefit because they won't build the wrong inventory; they won't have the wrong raw materials in their factories. It's like in a marriage. It's not because you have a good contract that you can make it work. What you need is confidence between partners. † BRANDING The American Marketing Association (AMA) defines a brand as a â€Å"name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods a nd services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of other sellers. Therefore it makes sense to understand that branding is not about getting your target market to choose you over the competition, but it is about getting your prospects to see you as the only one that provides a solution to their problem. Every brand represents a promise to its market: â€Å"buy me and you will get this experience†. Strong brands are trusted brands; they have built a reputation with customers over time by living up to their promises of quality, innovation and leadership. We have many strong brands in our portfolio. Its main focus is to continue to build Electrolux, our biggest and most important brand, known and trusted by both consumers and professional users around the world. It also has a range of other strong brands for both consumers and the professional market. Objectives that a good brand will achieve include: †¢ The Confirms your credibility †¢ Connects your target prospects emotionally †¢ Motivates the buyer †¢ Concretes User Loyalty †¢ Delivers the message clearly To succeed in branding you must understand the needs and wants of your customers and prospects. You do this by integrating your brand strategies through your company at every point of public contact. Your brand resides within the hearts and minds of customers, clients, and prospects. It is the sum total of their experiences and perceptions, some of which you can influence, and some that you cannot. A strong brand is invaluable as the battle for customers intensifies day by day. It's important to spend time investing in researching, defining, and building your brand. After the entire brand is the source of a promise to your consumer. It's a foundational piece in your marketing communication and one you do not want to be without. Webtel has divided its brands into mainly three groups like: 1. Webtel Master  Brand 2. National consumer  brands 3. Special brands Webtel master  brand The name Webtel is found on a large number of our products, satisfying a wide range of consumer and professional needs. Sometimes the name appears on its own. With E-TDS, we aim to bring out the best of functional Indian form and technology to demanding consumers in Delhi and elsewhere. Webtel Professional satisfies the demands of even the most discerning professional CAs and accountant operators around the India. Webtel master  brand: †¢ E-TDS †¢ E-TAX †¢ Digital signature certificate National consumer  brands Due to a history of acquisitions, Webtel today has a large portfolio of brands that enjoy strong positions in their home markets. These brands are trusted by consumers who look for innovation, design and durability at affordable price levels. These are †¢ WEB-D-VAT †¢ WEB-M-VAT †¢ WEB-WB-VAT Special brands We enjoy a leading position with professional users in the industries we serve around the globe, such as web-e-manager and web-e-secure. Webtel Professional provides an extensive range of professional-grade products and solutions from our major national brands, but in addition we also have a number of specialist brands serving particular demands of professional users. These brands are like: †¢ WEB-E-MANAGER †¢ WEB-E-SECURE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The need for study arose because of the high competitiveness of the market and use of different sets of marketing mix alternatives by different companies to enhance the sale of their products. Customers’ satisfaction has become the most important factor to remain in the business so, it is necessary for an organization to know the preference of the customer so that it is able to fulfill the requirements of the customers. Following are the objective of study, 1. To the present market scenario. 2. To know the changing demand of customers. 3. To know the changes that companies are bringing with respect to the changes in customers demand. 4. To have the practical knowledge of the market so that it could be applied in the world of corporate in the near feature. 5. To find out the changes in market demand of various WEBTEL product i. e. E-TDS, E-SECURE, E-TAX . 6. To study the changes in consumer behavior and demand. 7. To find out the changes in companies manufacturing pattern to change in market Behavior. 8. To compare the data collected for the year 2007 with year 2006. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE The main objective of the study undertaken was: †¢ To get the respondents’ insight – both, of the Consumers, i. e. the existing Accountant customers and the (Company owned and Franchisee outlets, respectively) Owners. SECONDARY OBJECTIVE In addition to knowing the perceptions, problems, their possible reasons and getting feedback from the existing Webtel Accountant customers, the study also : †¢ Finds the effectiveness of the company’s advertisements and promotional campaigns undertaken Makes people aware of the different plans of the company and suggests the best plan for them Finds the awareness levels regarding the various Value Added Services  (VAS) PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES Marketing theory distinguishes between two main kinds of promotional strategy – â€Å"push† and â€Å"pull†. Push A â€Å"push† promotional strategy makes use of a company's sales force and trade promotion activities to create consumer demand for a product. The producer promotes the product to wholesalers, the wholesalers promote it to retailers, and the retailers promote it to consumers. Initially when Webtel came in the market they adopted push strategy which means introducing a product forcefully just to create demand for a product in the market. But sometime they realized that by this strategy they won’t be able to capture the market so they switch to pull strategy. A good example of â€Å"push† selling is mobile phones, where the major handset manufacturers such as Nokia promote their products via retailers such as Car phone Warehouse. Personal selling and trade promotions are often the most effective promotional tools for companies such as Nokia – for example offering subsidies on the handsets to encourage retailers to sell higher volumes. A â€Å"push† strategy tries to sell directly to the consumer, bypassing other distribution channels (e. g. selling insurance or holidays directly). With this type of strategy, consumer promotions and advertising are the most likely promotional tools. Pull A â€Å"pull† selling strategy is one that requires high spending on advertising and consumer promotion to build up consumer demand for a product. If the strategy is successful, consumers will ask their retailers for the product, the retailers will ask the wholesalers, and the wholesalers will ask the producers. A good example of a pull is the heavy advertising and promotion of children's’ toys – mainly on television. Consider the recent BBC promotional campaign for its new pre-school programme – the Fimbles. Aimed at two to four-year-olds, 130 episodes of Fimbles have been made and are featured everyday on digital children's channel CBeebies and BBC2. METHODOLOGY The research problem given to us was investigated on the basis of primary data collection and secondary data collection. I had intervened several clients in Delhi. A structured schedule (questionnaire) was prepared and the relevant information was gathered from various clients on the basis of questions of different sorts. Several information was also gathered from CAs and other information from accountants, internal files, in house journals, records and on the basis of our discussions held with different members of the branch team. Sampling Sampling is a method by which one can collect the various information about the population by just taking its sample. Here the sampling method undertaken was, Random sampling was done with the clients. Convenience sampling of Webtel product. TYPE OF RESEARCH CONCLUSIVE RESEARCH (DISCRIPTIVE):- FIELD SURVEY Questionnaires were put across to consumers to find out their perception and insight about Webtel complete software package to determine their needs, wants, reactions, preferences, impact of the current offerings and how they can be improved further, with a view to get an insight to the problems faced (if any), along with the new innovations that they may be looking forward to. Questionnaires were also put across the companies Owners to determine their perception and insight about Webtel software package, to look at the product from their perspective, and to cover the various above mentioned objectives Exploratory research exploratory research seeks to discover new relationship, emphasis on discovery of ideas. Marketing researches devote a significant portion of their work on exploratory studies when very little is known about the problem being examined. UNIVERSE & SOURCE OF DATA The plank on which the study rests is information, which will be procured as a judicious mix of both secondary data and primary sources of data. Primary data Data was collected specifically for the research need at hand. This includes:- ? Interviews and surveys of respondents with informed ideas about the subject of the project, with the help of questionnaires Secondary Data Already published data formed the launch pad for the study. This included: – i) Internal Data: which originates within the organization? ? Brochures, pamphlets ? Official reports ii) External Data: which originates outside the organization? ? Books Periodicals (magazines, journals) ? The World Wide Web for Information ‘or’ the Internet SAMPLING 1. Sampling Technique: Non probability sampling (A non probability sampling technique is that in which each element in the population does not have an equal chance of getting selected) 2. Sample Unit People who buy Software pac kage available on Online Demand, Registered Offices etc. 3. Sample size : 200 respondents (Designation Changing between personal and professional) These are the respondents belonging from different-different designations like Finance field, Engineering field, Medical field & Educational field. 4. Method : Direct interview through questionnaire. 5. Data analysis method : Graphical method. 6. Area of survey : New Delhi 7. Timing of survey : 9. 00 am to 6:30 pm method used for data COLLECTION (FIELD work) †¢ Questionnaire was prepared keeping the objective of research in mind. †¢ Questions were asked to respondents as regards to their willingness to purchase Softwares. †¢ The help of questionnaires conducted direct interviews, in order to get accurate information. †¢ In order to get correct information I had to approach consumers specially to the charted accountant and other professionals who are using complete accountant software package. I visited as many respondents as I can and asked them their real likings about any accountant software package and also got an idea, how a software package should be? †¢ It is really a Herculean task to understand Consumer Behavior, as the definition suggest, â€Å"Consumer behavior is a physical activity as well as d ecision process individual engaged in when evaluating, acquiring, using and disposing goods and services†. †¢ In order to collect accurate information I visited to different-different offices, each and every question was filled personally by the respondents and checked properly. †¢ People were not willing to answer, when they were contacted between 1. 00 pm to 5. 00 pm, the time when most of the people take rest during the scorching heat. research instrument used – details & why? If one wants to know what type of dentifrice people use, what they think of, television commercials, or why they buy particular brands of cars, the natural procedure is to ask them. Thus, the questionnaire method has come to be the more widely used of the two data collection method. Many consumers are now familiar with the telephone caller who greets them with â€Å"We are making a survey†, and then proceeds to ask a series of questions. Some interviews are conducted in person, others by telephone, and others by mail. Each of these has its special advantages and disadvantages and limitations. The questionnaire method in general, however, has a number of pervasive advantages and disadvantages. Discussion of particular variations will be more meaningful if these characteristics of the general methods are brought out first. A questionnaire consists of list of questions to be asked from the respondents and the space provided to record the answer / responses. Questionnaire can be used for the personal interviews, focus groups, mails and telephonic interviews. The choice among these alternatives is largely determined by the type of information to be obtained and by the type of respondents from whom it is to be obtained. The common factor in all varieties of the questionnaire method is this reliance on verbal responses to question, written or oral. Questionnaire in the project consists of: ? Multiple choice questions ? Dicthomus MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: Questions of this type offer the respondents an alternative to choose the right answer among others. It is faster, time saving and less biased. It also simplifies the tabulating process. OPEN END QUESTIONS: In this type respondents are free to answer in their own words and express the ideas they think are relevant, such questions are good as first questions or opening questions. They introduce the subject and obtain general reaction. DICTHOMUS: These are the questions which are Boolean in nature. These answers are straightforward and respondents have to answer them in a straight way. That means the answer can only be either ‘Yes† or ‘No’. Data Collections Tools Collection of data cannot be done without proper planning and use of right method. Thus the tools used for collection of data was, a. Observation in different areas. b. Interview with clients. c. Questionnaire for clients. SAMPLING METHODS Sample design is a definite plan of obtaining some items from the whole population. The sample design used in this project is two state sampling i. e. cluster sampling and convenience sampling. The whole City & Country was divided into some geographical areas and I have chosen YAMUNA VIHAR, ASHRAM, JANAKPURI AND MANY MORE. CLUSTER SAMPLING Here the whole area is divided into some geographical area and a definite number of Charted Accountants were to be surveyed. CONVINIENCE SAMPLING This type of sampling is chosen purely on the basis of convenience and according to convenience. I visited Offices, Malls, Banks, and Institutes. Tools and techniques of analysis Data analysis was done on the parameter of use of software package on basis of quality, price used and preference given at the time of purchase. Technique used was comparison of the use of rice based on various parameters of various Webtel Clients. Designing Questionnaire: Our questionnaire was prepared with the specific aim of knowing the buying behavior of Webtel Software and so the questions were framed keeping in mind the context of the Service of software used, price, quality, frequency of purchase. Our questionnaire was both open and closed ended. Limitations 1. The study was limited in terms of geographical coverage as it was limited to the city of Delhi, this makes the findings not fit for other areas. 2. The whole study was completed in a short period of fifteen days. It was difficult to cover large sample. 3. Some clients gave biased response and did not give importance to the survey. This may affect the accuracy of the findings. 4. In estimates of market share of Webtel, I was not provided with the exact sales data by some clients. 5. During the survey some respondent had also shown a non corporate attitude towards the data collection. 6. Some clients gave irrelevant data regarding their sales which caused some difficulties in data analysis. DATA ANALYSIS AND DATA INTERPRETATION Project report and project interpretation are not complete unless and Until the data analysis and data interpretations are interpreted in the true form. In this study of mine, an attempt has been made to investigate and explore the market changes in terms of its products. This chapter definitely takes care of the specific interpretations and shall go a long way in explaining the logic behind the research problem. Analysis of Change in Customer Behavior For analyzing the change in customer’s behavior in terms of E-TDS and E-TAX, I had visited several clients. This can only be done by comparing the data collected from the market in year 2009 with the data of year 2008. The data collected regarding sales of E-TDS in a month are as follows, Avg. Sales of E-TDS and E-TAX per month in year 2008 PRODUCTS E-TDS E-TAX TOTAL Total Sales5942101 %age42%58% Avg. Sales of E-TDS and E-TAX per month in year 2009 PRODUCT E-TDS E-TAXTOTAL Total Sales6523 88 %age73. 86%26. 14% Graphical Representation of Data For E-TDS [pic] For E-TAX [pic] Data interpretation From the above given data we can make following interpretation. In the year 2009, sales of E-TDS were 73. 86% were as sales of E-TAX were 26. 4% and in the year 2008, sales of E-TDS decreased to 42%, were as sales of E-TAX increased up to 56%, With this we can make the conclusion that, there is a certain change in customers’